INS Vikrant (R11), an iconic vessel that marked India’s entry into the world of aircraft carriers, holds a rich history that transcends its naval significance. Originally named HMS Hercules and serving under the banner of the British Royal Navy, this illustrious ship underwent a remarkable transformation upon its acquisition by the Indian Navy. The renaming of the ship as ‘Vikrant’ symbolized India’s aspirations and marked the beginning of a new era in naval warfare.
From Hercules to Vikrant: A Symbolic Transition
The inception of INS Vikrant’s construction coincided with the tumultuous period of World War II, a time when global events were reshaping the course of history. However, the completion of the aircraft carrier eluded even the war’s conclusion. This unfinished vessel found its way into the hands of the Indian Navy in 1957, a turning point that would redefine its destiny.
Under the stewardship of the Indian Navy, the journey to finalize INS Vikrant’s construction was set in motion. Overcoming challenges and leveraging their expertise, the Indian Navy’s engineers and crew dedicated themselves to bringing the aircraft carrier to fruition. The culmination of their efforts materialized in 1961, as INS Vikrant stood as a testament to India’s determination and maritime prowess.
Full form of INS Vikrant
The full form of INS Vikrant is “Indian Naval Ship Vikrant.”
What is an aircraft carrier?
Before delving into the intricacies of INS Vikrant, it’s imperative to grasp the fundamental concept of an aircraft carrier. This class of naval vessels occupies a pivotal role in modern maritime warfare. INS Vikrant, in particular, belongs to the category of aircraft carriers, which serve as mobile airbases on the high seas. These warships are equipped with extensive flight decks and comprehensive facilities to accommodate, arm, deploy, and recover a diverse array of aircraft. Essentially, they are the centerpiece of a naval fleet, enabling global air power projection without reliance on local airstrips. Over the course of history, aircraft carriers have evolved from rudimentary balloon deployment platforms to sophisticated nuclear-powered behemoths housing a multitude of aircraft.
The Global Landscape: A Fleet of Aerial Supremacy
As of June 2022, the world witnesses the presence of 47 operational aircraft carriers under the banners of fourteen different navies. Standing tall among them are the United States Navy’s 11 colossal nuclear-powered fleet carriers. These giants, each capable of accommodating approximately 80 fighter aircraft, collectively possess a flight deck space that exceeds twice the combined deck area of all other nations. Furthermore, the US Navy boasts an additional nine amphibious assault ships, predominantly designed for helicopters, but also equipped to house up to 20 vertical or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) fighter jets, effectively resembling medium-sized fleet carriers. Notably, countries such as the United Kingdom and China operate two aircraft carriers each, while France, India, and Russia each proudly possess a single aircraft carrier with a fighter jet capacity ranging between 30 and 60.
Design Blueprint of INS Vikrant
INS Vikrant’s architectural blueprint is a testament to thoughtful design and engineering innovation. Spanning a length of 700 feet and with a width of 128 feet, INS Vikrant stands as a remarkable creation. Notably shorter in comparison to its sister ship INS Viraat, which stretches 748 feet in length and 160 feet in width, INS Vikrant occupies a unique niche between full-fledged fleet carriers and more compact escort carriers. This classification positions INS Vikrant as a “light fleet carrier,” distinctly falling within the Majestic-class lineage of aircraft carriers.
INS Vikrant’s Performance Metrics
The pulsating heart of INS Vikrant lies in its remarkable propulsion system, churning out a formidable 40,000 indicated horsepower (equivalent to approximately 30,000 kW). This mighty force translates into a swift cruising speed of 25 knots, equating to approximately 46 kilometers per hour. Accommodating a crew complement of around 1100 officers, personnel, and aircrew members, INS Vikrant serves as a self-sustained microcosm of naval operations.
INS Vikrant’s Service and Legacy
The operational history of INS Vikrant is a testament to its pivotal role in shaping India’s naval prowess. From its commissioning in 1961 to its eventual decommissioning and the emergence of its modern counterpart, INS Vikrant – Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1, these vessels have left an indelible mark on India’s maritime saga.
Maiden Voyage and Early Days
Upon its commissioning in 1961, INS Vikrant embarked on its maiden voyage to Tamil Nadu, initiating a journey that would define its significance in the years to come. Initial refitting and re-armament in Tamil Nadu prepared the carrier for the challenges ahead. However, during the 1965 India-Pakistan war, INS Vikrant found itself undergoing refitting in Mumbai, staying anchored until the conflict’s conclusion. The carrier’s warplanes, in an unusual turn, were compelled to operate from onshore air bases throughout the war, symbolizing the adaptability of naval forces in times of crisis.
The Decisive 1971 Conflict: INS Vikrant’s Triumph
The watershed moment in INS Vikrant’s operational history arrived during the 1971 Indo-Pak war. This time, the carrier played a pivotal role, launching strategic airstrikes and Combat Air Operations. Hawker Sea Hawk fighter-bombers led the charge, propelling the carrier into the heart of the conflict. The war culminated in a resounding victory for the Indian Armed Forces, culminating in the birth of Bangladesh. INS Vikrant’s aircraft squadron played a critical role in suppressing Pakistani Army ground movements and imposing a blockade on East Pakistan, solidifying its position as a maritime force to be reckoned with.
INS Vikrant’s Final Chapter
Between 1991 and 1994, INS Vikrant underwent a significant refitting, rejuvenating its operational capabilities. Yet, as time marched on, it became evident that the carrier’s glory days were waning, as is the fate of all vessels. The decision to decommission INS Vikrant was ultimately made, marking the end of an era. Formal decommissioning in 1997 marked a poignant farewell to a ship that had etched its name into naval history. From 2001 to 2012, INS Vikrant found new life as a museum ship in Mumbai. However, dwindling funding and safety concerns led to its eventual auction and subsequent dismantling in 2014, drawing the curtain on a storied journey.
INS Vikrant (IAC-1) – Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1
In the wake of INS Vikrant’s legacy, a new chapter in India’s maritime narrative was born with the advent of INS Vikrant – Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1). The realization of a dream to construct an indigenous aircraft carrier, IAC-1’s journey began in 1999, with its keel being laid in February 2009. Emerging from Cochin Shipyard in Kochi, Kerala, IAC-1 stands as a symbol of India’s burgeoning shipbuilding capabilities.
INS Vikrant’s Length
Measuring an impressive 262 meters in length and 62 meters in width, IAC-1 boasts a displacement of approximately 40,000 metric tons. Embracing a Short Takeoff But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) configuration with a ski jump, IAC-1 signifies India’s technological prowess in naval aviation. The carrier is powered by four General Electric LM2500+ gas turbines, generating a remarkable 80 megawatts of power, propelling it into the forefront of modern naval capabilities.
INS Vikrant [ IAC-1] Cost
The pursuit of IAC-1’s construction has not been without its challenges. The project cost, which stood at ₹19,341 crore in 2014, reflects the complex nature of building a cutting-edge naval asset. The commitment to excellence is evident in the allocation of an additional ₹3,000 crore for phase III in 2019, highlighting India’s dedication to crafting a carrier of exceptional standards.
Built upon a foundation of visionary design and engineering excellence, INS Vikrant – Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 is a testament to India’s determination to enhance its maritime capabilities. The carrier’s construction, initiated in 1999, represents a bold step towards self-reliance and technological sovereignty. The keel-laying ceremony in February 2009 marked the commencement of a remarkable journey, one that embodies India’s aspirations for a formidable naval presence.
Launch and Trials
The culmination of meticulous design and dedicated craftsmanship was realized when INS Vikrant was floated out of its dry dock on December 29, 2011. A milestone moment, this event epitomized the synergy between innovation and execution. In pursuit of excellence, the carrier underwent basin trials, reaching another milestone in December 2020. These rigorous trials validated the carrier’s operational readiness, ensuring that it meets the highest standards of performance and safety.
The journey of INS Vikrant – Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 continues, poised for its upcoming sea trials expected to commence by the end of 2021. A testament to India’s shipbuilding prowess, IAC-1 is on the brink of entering active service by the end of 2022 or early 2023. The carrier’s evolution and integration into the Indian Navy fleet represent a transformative phase in India’s naval capabilities.
Design and Propulsion: Powering the Future
INS Vikrant – Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1, measuring 262 meters in length and 62 meters in width, exudes an aura of sheer majesty. Weighing in at around 40,000 metric tons, it symbolizes India’s emergence as a formidable maritime force. Propelled by four General Electric LM2500+ gas turbines, generating an impressive 80 megawatts, IAC-1 stands ready to traverse oceans with agility and purpose. Its STOBAR configuration with a ski jump ensures efficient aircraft operations, further reinforcing its strategic significance.
The Collaborative Force: Elecon Engineering’s Contribution
Intricately woven into IAC-1’s fabric are the contributions of Elecon Engineering, the driving force behind the carrier’s gearbox systems. This partnership showcases India’s collaborative approach to achieving maritime excellence, synergizing technological prowess and domain expertise.
Prospective Aircraft for INS Vikrant: F-18 Hornet and Dassault Rafale Compete for the Sky
In a significant development in May 2022, the Indian Navy entered a pivotal phase of selecting the primary aircraft for its distinguished vessel, the INS Vikrant. Among the contenders for this coveted position are the F-18 Hornet and the Dassault Rafale, both undergoing rigorous testing to ascertain their suitability. As the INS Vikrant requires approximately 30 aircraft, the urgency of timely readiness looms large. Should any delays arise, an interim alternative remains under consideration, although no definitive verdict has been reached.
F-18 Hornet vs. Dassault Rafale
Two formidable aircraft, the F-18 Hornet and the Dassault Rafale, find themselves in a head-to-head competition for the prestigious role onboard the INS Vikrant. These contenders are subject to comprehensive testing procedures to assess their capabilities in various scenarios. The stakes are high, as the chosen aircraft will contribute significantly to the carrier’s operational effectiveness and strategic impact.
Global Maritime Interactions: F-18 Hornet’s Familiarity
Several multinational naval exercises, such as Malabar, frequently involve American carriers equipped with the F-18 Hornet. This familiarity underscores the potential synergy between the INS Vikrant and the F-18 Hornet in joint operations. The Indian Navy’s decision will also consider interoperability and collaborative advantages offered by this aircraft.
A Strategic Crossroads: Decision Timeline
The Indian Navy is poised to reach a verdict before the official induction of the INS Vikrant, a momentous event anticipated to occur by August 2022. The meticulous evaluation of the F-18 Hornet and the Dassault Rafale is a testament to the Navy’s commitment to securing an aircraft that aligns seamlessly with India’s maritime goals and operational requirements.
INS Vikrant’s Commencement
Prime Minister Narendra Modi marked a historic moment on September 2nd, 2022, as he officially commissioned the INS Vikrant. In his address, he emphasized that the completion of this carrier signifies India’s resolute stride toward self-reliance, underscoring the nation’s trajectory toward becoming a self-sufficient powerhouse in
The Array of Indian Navy Ships
The Indian Navy’s fleet is a diverse collection of vessels, each serving specific roles to fortify the nation’s maritime prowess. This extensive classification encompasses:
1. Surface Ships: Including aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, corvettes, offshore patrol vessels, landing and transport ships, patrol vessels, and torpedo recovery vessels.
2. Submarines: Encompassing conventionally-powered submarines (SSK) and nuclear-powered submarines (SSN and SSBN).
3. Auxiliary Fleet: Comprising replenishment ships, research, and survey vessels, support ships, and training vessels.
As the Indian Navy stands at the crossroads of aircraft selection for the INS Vikrant, the decision carries profound implications for the carrier’s operational excellence and India’s maritime capabilities. The F-18 Hornet and Dassault Rafale await their fate, each embodying distinct strengths. This decision, coupled with the recent commissioning of the INS Vikrant, propels India further along the journey of self-reliance and prominence on the global maritime stage.
INS Vikramaditya vs. INS Vikrant: A Comparative Analysis
Two formidable pillars of the Indian Navy’s fleet, INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant stand as iconic symbols of India’s maritime strength and ambition. Each vessel brings unique capabilities and historical significance to the table, shaping India’s naval prowess and strategic reach.
INS Vikramaditya: The Floating Fortress
Background and Origin: Formerly known as Admiral Gorshkov, INS Vikramaditya is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier that underwent extensive refurbishment and modernization in Russia before joining the Indian Navy. Its induction in 2013 marked a momentous addition to India’s naval fleet.
Key Features:
1. Size and Displacement: INS Vikramaditya boasts a length of 284 meters and a displacement of approximately 45,000 tons, making it a substantial carrier.
2. Aircraft Capacity: The carrier can operate a mix of MiG-29K fighters and Kamov helicopters, enhancing its versatility in combat and maritime operations.
3. Catapult System: Unlike its sister ship INS Vikrant, INS Vikramaditya utilizes a catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery (CATOBAR) system for aircraft launch and recovery.
4. Air Wing: With its complement of fighter aircraft, helicopters, and airborne early warning and control systems, INS Vikramaditya bolsters India’s naval aviation capabilities.
Operational Significance:
INS Vikramaditya plays a crucial role in power projection, maritime security, and disaster relief operations. Its advanced capabilities and significant aircraft-carrying capacity make it a force multiplier in various scenarios.
INS Vikrant: A Pioneer in Indigenous Shipbuilding
Background and Origin: INS Vikrant is India’s first indigenously built aircraft carrier, reflecting the nation’s determination to achieve self-reliance in naval technology and construction.
Key Features:
INS Vikrant is 262 meters long and 62 meters wide, making it India’s largest warship. It will be India’s second aircraft carrier, following the INS Vikramaditya, which was built on a Russian platform.
1. Construction: The carrier measures about 262 meters in length and has a displacement of approximately 40,000 tons, embodying modern shipbuilding techniques.
2. Aircraft Capacity: INS Vikrant is designed to accommodate a mix of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, showcasing its adaptability in air operations.
3. Ski-Jump Configuration: The carrier employs a Short Takeoff But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) system with a ski-jump, enabling efficient aircraft take-offs and landings.
4. Indigenous Innovation: INS Vikrant represents India’s strides in indigenous shipbuilding, epitomizing technological innovation and national pride.
Operational Significance:
As a product of India’s innovation and dedication, INS Vikrant enhances the country’s maritime reach and self-sufficiency. It bolsters India’s ability to project power and defend its interests across the seas.
A Dual Force of Maritime Might
INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant, each with its unique attributes and roles, amplify India’s naval capabilities on the global stage. INS Vikramaditya, a refurbished giant, brings extensive operational experience and a formidable air wing. Meanwhile, INS Vikrant, a symbol of indigenous shipbuilding prowess, represents India’s quest for self-reliance and technological excellence. Together, these carriers exemplify India’s commitment to securing its maritime interests and upholding its status as a maritime power of consequence.
